Cavernous malformations, also known as cavernous angiomas or cavernomas, are abnormally formed blood vessels that create clusters of blood-filled cavities within the brain or spinal cord. These malformations can vary in size and are typically characterized by thin walls and a lack of surrounding brain tissue. Cavernous malformations can cause symptoms such as seizures, headaches, and neurological deficits, depending on their location and size. Treatment options for cavernous malformations may include observation, medication, surgery, or radiation therapy, depending on the individual case. Research in this area is focused on understanding the underlying causes of cavernous malformations, improving diagnostic methods, and developing more effective treatment options for affected individuals.